Are Your Job Relocation Expenses Tax Deductible?

January 27, 2017

Editor’s note: The moving expense deduction was eliminated with the passing of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2018, but would still apply for tax year 2017 and prior.

Many of our client companies have a national presence and it isn’t unusual for employees to have to relocate halfway across the country for a new role. Since moving is expensive (even my local move last year when I bought a little townhouse a few miles away), accounting for those expenses becomes not just a “to do” item that is time consuming and frustrating – but possibly also rewarding! You can potentially get reimbursed for moving expenses, get paid a relocation expense and/or get to deduct some of your moving expenses on your tax return. There are a lot of “moving parts” in this situation.

With all of these potential situations in play, what do you need to know? The first thing you should know is if your move is local, like mine was, and isn’t required for work (mine wasn’t) then there is no benefit to you financially. That’s just the cost of making a transition.

Does your move have deduction potential?

If your move is for business purposes, and this would include a new job, your current job or even your first job (note to recent or upcoming grads…..this means YOU!) – your move has to pass two “tests” in order to be tax deductible:

Test #1 = the distance test. The job must be 50 miles further away than your current home. If you live 15 miles away from work now, the new role would have to be 65 miles away (and on a reasonable route, not a zigzag route through the scenic back roads).

Test #2 = the time test. Once you’ve moved, you have to spend at least 39 weeks working in the first 12 months. If you’re self employed, that bumps up to 78 weeks in the first 24 months.

If you don’t receive money from your employer

If you don’t get reimbursed, keep your receipts and track your mileage. You can use the IRS Form 3903 to track your expenses. You don’t need the Schedule A since it’s not subject to a percentage of income test and it isn’t impacted by income phase-outs.

It’s a pretty straightforward process. Things you can deduct are: the cost of moving, 30 days of storage expenses, insurance for the move, the cost of disconnecting/connecting utilities, lodging expenses during the move, the cost of transporting pets, and the cost of shipping your car (or mileage if you drive). Things you can NOT deduct are: the cost of meals and house hunting. (Boo!)

If you do receive money from your employer

Where it gets a bit tricky is if you get post-move reimbursements or a relocation allowance paid prior to your move. If you get reimbursed and it is a non-taxable reimbursement (like an expense check), you can’t double dip and then deduct the expenses. If you get reimbursed and it IS taxable (you can see if it’s on your W-2 form, box 12, Code P), you then are allowed to deduct the expenses. If you get a relocation allowance in December 2016 and incur expenses in January or February 2017, you can deduct the moving expenses as if you moved in 2016 – so you’d fill out the 3903 for the 2016 tax year, which means you’ll probably be bumping up against the April tax filing deadline.

Having just completed a move recently, I can tell you that moving is no fun. But looking for a new place can be a blast and it’s pretty cool once you’ve settled in to the new place. Remember, if you’re moving for work, it can also be something that can help you around tax filing season.

Should You Move For a Job?

January 23, 2017

Have you received an interesting offer to live and work somewhere else? Moving to a new city can be very stressful, especially if it involves changing jobs or re-locating with an existing employer. While this stress can be heavy on the person dealing with the job change or transfer, it can also affect others.

Before you accept the move and start plotting your appearance on HGTV’s House Hunters, you and your family will have to work through some tricky decisions. That’s the scenario my fellow planner Brian Kelly, CFP® was discussing with an employee on our Financial Helpline recently. Here’s what he had to say:

1. Don’t base your decision solely on the new salary. Think about how far your income will go in the new city. If you are moving to a place where the cost of living is much higher, you might have to eventually answer this question: “Is the location worth it?” The answer to this question might just be “yes, it is worth it to live in a smaller house near the ocean or have to spend more in a town that has more amenities,” but this is a trade-off that you should be aware of. You will also want to consider new expenses you are not currently budgeting for such as traveling to visit family and babysitters.

2. Calculate your net pay after benefits. Employee benefits are now a large part of a person’s compensation. Taking a new job with a salary increase but weaker benefits can actually decrease your total compensation so factor these in. See this guide for calculating the value of your benefits.

3. Consider your spouse’s career too. Think about this in a longer term perspective. In 5 years, is our “team” going to be better off?

4. How does the move affect your children? Moving children can have effects on their education, their relationships and possibly their well being. Do some research on school systems and after-school care. This might impact your decision on where to buy or rent.

5. How does it affect your parents? Some grandparents’ retirement plans center around time with their children and grandchildren. Others will need elderly care. You might need an extra bedroom in your new home.

6. Should you purchase a home right away or is it wise to rent for a certain time period? Purchasing a home is a major financial decision. The closing costs alone can make a short-term home buying decision a bad one if you have to sell before the house appreciates in value.

7. Lastly, you have to consider the real possibility that it doesn’t work out, for whatever reason, and have a plan B. Companies fail, managers can be impossible to work with, the job doesn’t turn out how you thought it would, parents get sick, or you just miss home. In that case, have a backup plan.

Checklist of things to do:

Create a side-by-side budget with current and new income and expenses. Factor in cost-of-living and benefit changes.
Have a family meeting with spouse, children and/or parents to discuss how the potential move will affect them.
Visit before you make the final decision. See the new work facility, meet and interview people you will work with and check out schools and areas where you might want to live.
Research school districts and after-care if necessary.
Compare the costs of renting and buying a home. Consider renting, even if it’s temporary, until you are sure of where you want to live.
Articulate a plan B just in case.

Once you’ve worked through the action steps, the wisdom of one path vs. another should be more clear. What does your head tell you? Your heart? The balance of both will help you make the best decision for you and your family.

Do you have a question you’d like answered on the blog? Please email me at [email protected]. You can follow me on the blog by signing up here, and on Twitter @cynthiameyer_FF.

Which States Are Really Tax-Friendly?

August 30, 2013

One of the more interesting conversations I get to have with people who are close to retirement is about where they plan to live. Often, inertia (or a paid off mortgage) leads people to stay exactly where they are today. People are often attached to their homes and moving is rarely if ever a smooth and easy process. Continue reading “Which States Are Really Tax-Friendly?”