How to Pay College Bills Not Covered by Financial Aid

January 18, 2017

Worried about paying college bills? Considering that the average balance in a 529 college savings plan is only $21,000, it’s no surprise that one of the most frequently asked questions we get at Financial Finesse is, “How should I pay for my kids’ college?” Here are some ideas, along with the benefits and pitfalls of each.

529 College Savings Plans

529 plans have become the most popular way for parents to save for future college expenses due to the tax advantages of both tax-free growth (as long as funds are used for qualified expenses) and in some cases, state income tax deductions for contributions.

Pros: They offer tax advantages, ease of saving, and have less of an effect on financial aid than savings in the child’s name.

Cons: They must be used for qualified education expenses to avoid a 10% penalty plus taxation of withdrawals. Funds held in a grandparent’s or other non-parent’s name are treated as income in the year distributed, which can affect future years’ applications for aid.

UTMA/UGMA Custodial Accounts or Other Savings in Your Child’s Name

Any account in your child’s name, even their own savings from summer jobs, will have the greatest impact on the availability of aid. If these assets are intended to be spent on college anyway, consider transferring them into a 529 plan to reduce the impact. Otherwise, spend what you’re going to spend from these accounts first to lower that impact.

Pros: Any capital gains from the sale of investments are treated as income to your child instead of you (beware kiddie tax rules though) and funds can also be used for things like a new laptop for school or eventually, your child’s first home or wedding.

Cons: 20% of the value is counted in aid formulas, potentially reducing the amount offered to your child. Once your child reaches the age of majority in the state where they are going to school, they’ll have unfettered access to the funds.

Taxable Investment Accounts

Any investments you own outside of retirement accounts are included in the financial aid formula and should be spent before dipping into retirement savings. If you have to sell investments for a gain, consider gifting them to your child first so that they could potentially pay a lower capital gains rate than you would. Doing this right before your child enters college, but after you’ve counted it as your asset on the FAFSA, nets the best benefit in terms of how it affects financial aid as the income won’t come into play until your child’s junior year package. However, if your investments are at a loss, keep them in your name to reap the benefit of up to $3,000 per year of capital losses.

Pros: There are possible tax benefits but no early withdrawal penalty.

Cons: Taxable gains could affect future aid offerings.

Home Equity

As long as interest rates stay low and you are able to deduct any interest paid on a home equity loan or line of credit, you may consider tapping this source if it’s available rather than having your child take out higher rate student loans. Of course you’ll be on the hook to pay it off even if your kid drops out mid-semester, but that’s a different kind of planning conversation to have with your child.

Pros: They have relatively low interest rates and there’s a potential income tax deduction for interest.

Cons: Your home is now collateral for your child’s education whether they graduate or not.

401(k) Loan

Rather than requesting a hardship withdrawal from your 401(k), which would incur income taxes and possibly an early withdrawal penalty if you’re under age 59 ½, borrowing from your 401(k) may be an option worth considering.

Pros: There’s no credit check, you pay yourself back the interest, and they generally have lower interest rates than student loans.

Cons: Your plan most likely limits the amount you can borrow to the lesser of $50,000 or 50% of your vested account value and you typically have to pay it back in 5 years or less. If you leave your job, you may also be on the hook for any balance due or risk negative tax consequences.

IRAs

Traditional and Roth IRAs allow penalty-free early withdrawals for qualified education expenses, although you’d still have to pay taxes on any traditional IRA withdrawals and any growth in your Roth IRA.

Pros: You don’t have to pay it back and there are no penalties for early withdrawal. Roth IRAs also let you withdraw up to the total amount of contributions without any tax consequences, so you could leave any growth in the account to continue growing for your retirement.

Cons: You can’t pay the money back as you’re still limited to annual contribution limits and most likely, you will have to pay income taxes on withdrawals unless you’re just using your Roth IRA contributions.

Student Loans

At the end of the day, you may need to ask yourself if you should even be contributing much at all, particularly if doing so would compromise your ability to retire at a reasonable age. As our CEO Liz Davidson likes to say, they don’t give out loans for retirement and you can’t “work through” it either. I also like to remind parents that sacrificing retirement so that your child can graduate debt-free may be a great way to negate the possibility that they’ll end up back at home sleeping on your couch, but it could mean that one day you’ll find yourself sleeping on THEIR couch.

Student loans are there for a reason (and no, they’re not “financial aid,”) and have provisions in place to account for the fact that your child may not be earning a ton of money right out of school or they may face difficulty in finding a job after graduation. Help your child reduce these chances by helping them choose a lucrative major. Then consider this college funding plan that many of my friends are choosing for their own children: they plan to fund about half of their kids’ educations on a semester-by-semester basis and expect their child to fund the other half either through working, loans, work-study programs or whatever means work for their student. This method worked to keep them motivated to do well and graduate on time and the hope is that it will serve the same purpose for their children.

 

Like what you’re reading? Sign up to receive my weekly blog posts directly to your email inbox. Go to the blog main page and enter your email address. You can subscribe to all posts or select your favorite topics and authors.

 

How the IRS Can Help You Save More For Retirement in 2015

November 17, 2014

It has often been said that the only constant in life is change. As a parent, I find that change is both exciting and scary as heck because you never know what lies around the corner. This statement about anticipating change definitely remains true when the IRS is concerned. Continue reading “How the IRS Can Help You Save More For Retirement in 2015”

The Three Most Useless Things a Financial Columnist Tells You

September 11, 2014

I often like to question much of the conventional wisdom of the financial services industry so I was intrigued when I saw this article titled “The four most useless things financial advisors tell you” by Howard Gold. Instead, I found myself questioning most of the conclusions in the article itself as pretty useless (with one exception). Let’s take a look at each of these “four most useless things:” Continue reading “The Three Most Useless Things a Financial Columnist Tells You”

Ask-A-Planner Mailbag

July 28, 2014

Many friends of Financial Finesse and readers of our daily blogs send us direct questions and various inquiries through our social media sites. Occasionally we will highlight some of the more frequently asked questions and provide you with a summary response.  In this version of the Ask-A-Planner mailbag, we will examine a couple of questions regarding Individual Retirement Accounts.  To help examine these questions, I thought I’d turn to Paul Wannemacher, one of our resident financial planners and a recent addition to the Think Tank at Financial Finesse, for some guidance.  Continue reading “Ask-A-Planner Mailbag”

Should I Keep My Emergency Funds in a Roth IRA?

June 09, 2014

In last week’s blog post, we examined the flexibility of Roth IRAs. Perhaps the most appealing feature of Roth IRA accounts is the tax-free growth of earnings. If you expect to be at the same or a higher tax bracket, the Roth IRA is definitely worth considering based on the prospects of future tax savings. Even if you don’t have a strong opinion as to where your future income tax bracket will be when you need access to your funds, it may prove beneficial to have this added feature of tax diversification. Continue reading “Should I Keep My Emergency Funds in a Roth IRA?”

Using Retirement Plan Assets for Education

June 04, 2014

As the school year winds down, many graduating high-school seniors are looking ahead to the promise of a new day come next fall, but for many parents, that day is fraught with mixed emotions—and a handful of college bills. To help pay for college, some parents will set aside money using more traditional ways to save for college expenses. Each has its own set of pros and cons and seldom are parents able to save enough to pay for their student’s entire education. As such, many students will require student loans in order to continue their education. The result is an average student loan debt of just under $30,000. Continue reading “Using Retirement Plan Assets for Education”

The Deadline to Reduce Your Tax Bill is Approaching

March 24, 2014

Time is running out to stay off of Uncle Sam’s naughty list and complete those income tax returns prior to the April 15th deadline. (Even if you choose to file an extension until October 15, 2014 taxes are still due by April 15 to avoid paying interest and penalties.) Beyond making sure you aren’t missing out on any itemized deductions or tax credits, there are still some moves you can make to reduce your tax bill or increase your refund. Last minute contributions to deductible IRAs and HSAs are two effective strategies to lower your 2013 tax bill (or increase your refund). Continue reading “The Deadline to Reduce Your Tax Bill is Approaching”

Tax Planning for 2013 Begins Now

April 24, 2013

Just because tax season is over doesn’t mean your tax planning is done.  Whether you owed the IRS money or got money back, tax planning is something you can do all year.  Consider these tax tips: Continue reading “Tax Planning for 2013 Begins Now”

Tips for Tax Day

March 27, 2013

The days are getting longer, but your fuse may be getting dangerously short if you are among the 25% of Americans who wait till the last two weeks to file your tax returns. Good old procrastination is probably responsible for many last-minute returns, but there are other reasons, too.  Some people believe that the chances of an audit go down if your 1040 rolls in with the tidal wave of returns submitted on April 15, overwhelming the IRS.  Others are still trying to get a hold of numbers and documents, not even sure what documents they need and what policies apply to them when it comes to reducing their tax burdens. So for those folks still spending their weekends indoors, despite the growing rumor that spring has arrived, here are some last-minute tips to save time and face when it comes to taxes. Continue reading “Tips for Tax Day”

When’s the Last Time You Got Good News from the IRS?

October 23, 2012

The IRS has perfectly timed the annoucement of the 2013 pension limitations during National Save 4 Retirement Week, which ends this Saturday.  Notice IR-2012-77   declares the COLA adjustments that will impact the dollar limitations for pension plans and other retirement accounts for tax year 2013 for both employer and employee contributions.  It is important to let your employees know how these increases can help them save more for retirement, so make sure to share this information with your workforce in the messaging format that best fits your workplace culture.  Continue reading “When’s the Last Time You Got Good News from the IRS?”

Top 4 Ways to Begin Investing for Retirement Today

July 04, 2012

If you haven’t been saving for retirement, putting even a little away on a monthly basis can have a huge impact on your future quality of life – especially if you invest in a tax-advantaged retirement account like your employer’s 401k plan or an IRA. This is because of compound interest: If you don’t have to pay taxes on the interest your account earns, that interest stays invested and earns yet even more interest – and the longer you’re invested, the more money you can make. For example, a mere $50 invested every month for 30 years will turn into almost $75,000 if it earns 8% annually – even though your total investment was only $18,000. Continue reading “Top 4 Ways to Begin Investing for Retirement Today”

Educating Older Workers on the ABCs of RMDs

February 21, 2012

With the yearly chore of tax filing upon us, all those year-end retirement account statements can become quite confusing for your group of employees who have chosen to remain in the workforce into their seventies.  Which accounts can they still contribute to?  Which accounts do they need to take a withdrawal from?  Continue reading “Educating Older Workers on the ABCs of RMDs”