Why One Couple Decided To Pay Off Student Loans Before Investing

January 11, 2018

There are three kinds of questions when it comes to personal finance.

  1. The first are those with objective answers like what tax bracket you’re in or whether you would be subject to a penalty for withdrawing from your retirement account.
  2. The second are those with a pretty strong consensus among financial planners. For example, most would say that you should generally build up an emergency fund, contribute at least enough to your employer’s retirement plan to get the match, and pay off high-interest debt like credit cards.
  3. Then there are the questions whose answer depends on you.

When the answer isn’t clear cut

For example, I was recently talking to a young couple who had all their financial basics covered. They had sufficient emergency savings, no high interest debt, and were contributing enough to their retirement plans not only to get their employer matches but also to be on track for retirement. They still had enough savings to either pay off their student loans, contribute more to their retirement plans, or save for a down payment on a rental property. Their best option wasn’t so clear here. Let’s take a look at each option:

Option 1: Paying off the student loans

This is the most conservative choice. Since the interest rate was 4.375%, they were essentially earning a guaranteed 4.375% on any savings they put towards the loans. Try getting that rate at the bank or anywhere else for that matter. Paying off the debt would also provide an emotional benefit of not having the burden of the loan payments and would improve their debt/income ratio, which would help qualify for a better rate on a mortgage for the rental property.

Option 2: Contributing more to their retirement plans

This option would reduce their taxes now and probably overall since they’re likely to be in a lower tax bracket when they retire. They’re also likely to earn more in their retirement accounts than what they would save in interest by paying down the student loans. However, the money would be relatively tied up until retirement (which wouldn’t normally be a problem but they’re already saving enough to be on track to their goal) and there’s no guarantee their investments will earn more than the 4.375% they would save in interest by paying down the loans.

Option 3: Saving for a rental property

A rental property can help them achieve their goal of passive income and the ability to use leverage can provide a higher return on their investment than even investing in stocks. This makes it the most aggressive choice, almost like starting a business. But like a business, real estate is complicated, time consuming, and extremely risky. After all, you can lose more than what you originally put in due to maintenance costs and having to make mortgage, tax, and insurance payments while the property may be vacant.

What they decided to do

Given that they have adequate emergency savings and are currently contributing enough to their retirement plans to hit their goals, I personally probably would have focused on saving for the rental property (which is pretty much what I’ve actually been doing with my savings). However, they decided to knock out the student loans first while contributing extra to their retirement accounts. There isn’t always one right answer. Sometimes the best decision is a personal one.

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3 Ways To Celebrate “Let’s Get It Done” Month

October 16, 2017

October is Financial Planning Month! It may sound nerdy, but obviously I’m celebrating — every month is Financial Planning Month for me! In general, national day designations are meant to bring attention to specific topics, which is great. However, since there are 116 National Calendar days in October alone, financial planning can easily get lost in the shuffle.

The other thing is, simply bringing awareness to financial planning is not enough, we all need to take action. With that in mind, I propose we think of October as Financial Planning ACTION Month. Here are some actions to start a financial plan, or get your existing plan back on track:

Prioritizing your finances

Once you have paid your monthly living expenses, look to prioritize your savings and expenditures in the following order:

  1. Build an emergency fund up to $1,000 to take care of minor unexpected expenses like medical bills and car repairs.
  2. Contribute to your 401(k) at least up to the percentage to take full advantage of your company match – that’s free money you don’t want to pass up.
  3. Pay off all high interest (6% or higher) credit card debt, and keep the balances at zero each month (see below).
  4. Turn back to increasing your emergency savings from $1,000 to an amount equal to 3 to 6 months of living expenses. This way you will be covered if your income is unexpectedly reduced.
  5. From here, refocus on retirement savings or other savings goals.

Paying off high interest debt

The first step is to take an inventory of debt and list the balance due, interest rate, and minimum monthly payment. After making the minimum monthly payments, direct any excess cash flow to either

1) the highest interest rate card (this will save the most money, as the Debt Blaster calculator shows) or

2) the card with the lowest balance (this will help build momentum).

Either choice is great; it’s just a matter of personal preference. By sticking to one strategy, you will pay off your debts sooner and pay less in finance charges. Once this debt is paid off, be sure to redirect that monthly payment you are accustomed to making toward a specific savings goal like retirement savings.

Running a retirement calculator

Studies have shown that those who run a retirement calculator have a much higher level of retirement preparedness than those who do not. Knowing is actually half the battle! A calculator will tell you whether you are on track to meet your goals.

Armed with this information, you can determine if you need to stay the course, or make some changes to get back on track. If you know that your 401(k) contributions need to be increased, look for ways to reduce non-essential expenses and redirect those savings to your 401(k).

So, let’s make Financial Planning ACTION Month one to remember by taking action! Once you have your plan in place, celebrate by ordering a pizza. After all, October is also National Pizza Month!

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The Best Financial Decision Isn’t Always the Most Obvious One

July 27, 2017

Let’s suppose you have sufficient emergency savings and are maxing the match in your 401(k). You now have several options of what to do with your extra savings. One is to pay down a student loan with a 3.7% interest rate, the second is to invest more for retirement, and the third is to pay down a mortgage with 3.85% interest rate (2.81% after factoring in the tax deduction). Which would you choose? This is the real life scenario of an employee I recently spoke with, so let’s explore the options.

Option 1: Pay down 3.7% student loan

Her initial instinct was to pay down the student loan because it annoyed her the most and she was worried about having that debt if she were to lose her job. But making payments towards the debt wouldn’t actually make her more financially secure until it was completely paid off. In the meantime, she would actually be safer having more in savings and investments that she could use to make the loan payments in case she found herself in between jobs.

Option 2: Invest more toward retirement

She could reasonably expect to earn more by investing her savings than she would save in interest by paying down the loan early, as long as she invested for longer-term growth and wasn’t too conservative. (My general rule of thumb is to pay off debt first if the interest rate is 6% or more, invest if the interest rate is below 4%, and go either way depending on how aggressive an investor you are if the interest rate is between 4-6%.) Of course, she could still decide to pay the student loans for emotional reasons, but investing would likely give her a better return on her money.

Option 3: Pay down 3.85% mortgage

In the end, we decided that it actually made the most sense for her to pay her mortgage down. At first, that didn’t seem to make sense since the mortgage interest rate is even lower than the student loan after the tax deduction. (Her income is too high to deduct the student loan interest from her taxes.)

However, it turned out that she had to pay PMI (private mortgage insurance) until she had 20% equity in her home. When we calculated how much she would save each year in PMI payments as a percentage of the mortgage balance she’d have to pay down, it was 6%. When you add that to the 2.81% interest rate, she would save a guaranteed 8.81% on the money she put towards getting that 20% in equity!

The moral of the story

When deciding between alternative options, first figure out what the expected return on your money would be, either in savings by paying down debt or earnings from investments, but be sure to factor in ALL the possible savings and earnings. (A qualified financial planner can help you do this so long as they aren’t biased towards one choice or another.) Finally, don’t forget the “happiness factor.” If, after looking at the numbers, she decided that paying off the student loan would make her happier overall, that’s fine too…as long as it’s an informed decision.

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Should You Use Your Emergency Fund For Medical Procedures?

July 05, 2017

After sharing our decision to pursue in vitro fertilization and how we’ll pay for it on the blog last week, I was a bit overwhelmed with the outpouring of support from friends, family, colleagues and even complete strangers. THANK YOU for your words of support and prayers, they mean so much to us!

I’ve also been asked by a few people why we aren’t using our emergency fund or Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), and those are great questions! Here’s my answer:

Using your HSA

Anyone who has discussed the benefits of the HSA with me knows that I actually emphasize the S in HSA for savings — rather than use the funds I’m accumulating in my account for everyday medical expenses like co-pays and minor bills, I’ve been paying for those things with my out of pocket spending money. The thought is that we’ll let our HSA money build up for when we have a big medical expense that we wouldn’t be able to pay out of pocket, while realizing the tax savings along the way.

Well, that day just came sooner than we had planned, so we WILL be draining our HSAs, it’s just a bit of a drop in the bucket compared to the total cost of IVF. Between my HSA and my husband’s, we can’t even cover the cost of the medication required, but we will cover what we can with this tax-free money.

Why not use the emergency fund?

As urgent and important and life-changing as this is for us, we do not feel that undergoing fertility treatment is an emergency in the way that the financial emergency fund is intended. We are stretching ourselves financially to do this, but we still need a back-up in case one of us loses our ability to earn income, which is really what the emergency fund is for —

  • To keep a roof over your head,
  • Food on the table,
  • Transportation to work and
  • Other basic needs met during times of unexpected income disruptions.

It’s why my colleague Erik wrote about the emergency fund taking priority over paying down debt — it’s your first line of defense against “life happening,” even if it’s not earning a ton of interest and you’re paying interest on other debts in order to keep it in place.

At the end of the day, we are choosing to undergo IVF. It’s true that without it we may not ever have biological children, which would change our life plans and be tremendously sad, but that’s not an emergency. It sucks, don’t get me wrong, but no one will be homeless or go hungry if we DON’T do this. We feel a tremendous sense of gratitude and fortune to even be in a position to make this choice – many people are not, which also makes me sad.

Sometimes it can feel like you don’t have a choice, like if you have an accident and receive a $10,000 hospital bill. While it’s important to make a plan to pay your medical debts to avoid them going to collections, depending on your personal situation, using up your emergency fund may not be the best place to turn — what happens if you’re unable to work and pay your rent? That’s what your emergency fund is for. (caveat: sometimes it DOES make sense, but that’s why it’s called “personal” finance)

Keep that in mind the next time you feel tempted to tap your emergency fund — is it a true emergency that will literally keep you housed, fed, clothed and employable? If not, it’s best to seek another way to pay or to make a different choice.

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Deciding Whether To Save Or Pay Down Debt Isn’t Just About Math

June 29, 2017

I recently saw this article titled, “A financial expert says deciding whether to save or pay off debt comes down to a basic math question” that quotes financial writer Jean Chatzky asking, “What am I getting on that money?” For example, if you can save in your 401(k) and get a 100% or 50% match from your employer, that’s probably the highest return you can get. That would be followed by paying off high-interest debt like credit cards that often have double-digit interest rates.

However, you may be better off investing extra money rather than paying off low interest rate debts like many student loans, car loans, and mortgages if you can expect to earn more on your investments than the debts are costing you. In other words, earning a 6% average annualized return on your investments is better than paying down a 4% mortgage (especially if the 6% return is in a tax-sheltered account and the mortgage interest is tax-deductible).

More than basic math

This is generally good advice. There are a couple of problems though. First, it doesn’t take into account emergency savings, which should be kept in a low-risk, low-return account like a bank account or money market fund. With bank interest rates typically below 1%, you would NEVER save for emergencies using that logic because you could always find someplace else to put your money with a higher expected return.

You know how there’s generally an inverse relationship between risk and return? Well, emergency savings and insurance policies have low or negative expected returns. (If returns on insurance policies were expected to be positive, insurance companies would go bankrupt). That’s because they provide the value of reduced or negative risk.

Where does the emergency fund fit in?

So how should you prioritize emergency savings? Like having adequate insurance, I would actually put them first. Yes, your expected return is low but the goal here is to reduce the risk of losing your home and/or car if you lose your job and can’t make the payments.

However, because the return is so low, you don’t want to have TOO much in savings. A good rule of thumb is to have enough to cover at least 3-6 months of necessary expenses and perhaps even 8-12 months, depending on how risky your income is, what other resources you have available, and who else you’re providing for. A tenured teacher with a retirement plan they can borrow against and no dependents needs a lot less than an entrepreneur with little retirement savings and a family to take care of.

Figuring in your personal feelings about debt

Second, don’t forget the emotional component. Some people are more bothered by debt than others. Even if they know they can earn more by investing extra savings, they would derive more happiness (or at least stress relief) from being debt-free than from having those extra investment earnings.

In the end, isn’t happiness the goal? (This isn’t to be confused with making emotional decisions that we’ll later regret. The key is to make decisions that will maximize our long term happiness.)

So remember, when you’re deciding whether to save or pay off debt, it’s not just a basic math question. It’s a personal question too. That’s why we call it “personal” finance.

 

Are You Taking Good Things Too Far?

July 29, 2016

The latest craze that has swept my family is the Pokémon Go app. My kids run around trying to “catch” Pokémon at different locations. I’m happy they are outside and active, but I have to admit that I don’t have the foggiest idea why they consider this even remotely fun. They walk around and occasionally ask me to take them to a nearby neighborhood so that they can catch these things. (I use “catch” liberally because it’s all virtual, with no one really catching anything.)

They can catch their Pokémon thingies while I sit at an outdoor table at a local coffee shop. I find it a little strange, and in a horrible twist to this silly game, criminals are now setting up shop near Pokémon characters and robbing unsuspecting game players. What started as a fun thing has turned into a fun thing that needs to be used with caution because of some unanticipated consequences. A lot of things that start out as a purely positive have some unintended consequences that create some negativity.

I’ve seen that with a few people recently. I’ve had two meetings with people who are doing a wonderful job of saving for retirement. They ran retirement projections and learned that they needed to pick up the pace as it relates to saving for retirement. They cranked their contribution percentage WAY up so that they could catch up to where they think they should be. That is 100% admirable, and they are operating with the best of intentions.

Their unintended consequences? Both of them are saving so aggressively in their 401(k) that they are struggling with day-to-day cash flow. One is depleting his savings account on a monthly basis just to cover basic living expenses, and the other is using a credit card for groceries in the last few days before her paydays. A noble effort to save for retirement has taken a somewhat sinister turn in these examples, and I’ve had to have a few “I applaud your effort, but maybe it’s one step too far….” conversations.

The good news is that they realized that they may have gone a bit too far, and when we talked about bringing the 401(k) contributions down just a bit in order to make day-to-day cash flow a bit more manageable, they were completely receptive. In each conversation, we had a nice laugh at how some good things can be taken too far. (If you don’t believe that, see how many chocolate chip cookies you can eat before you start to feel like it’s been one too many.)

The lesson here for all of us is that after a few cookies, it makes sense to stop and catch your breath. The other lesson is that some great financial behaviors can be taken to an extreme. Are you saving so much for retirement that you aren’t able to enjoy the here and now? I’ve heard so many stories about people depriving themselves of life experiences in order to save for retirement, only to die just prior to retiring. Are you spending so much in the here and now and enjoying life experiences that you are woefully behind the curve for your retirement goals?

Neither is a good place to be. What’s the old phrase? ”In all things, moderation.”

Even good financial behaviors should be used in moderation! If you’re wondering if you’re taking something just a bit too far, chances are that you are. Whether you ask a financial professional or just hit our Facebook page and ask, get another perspective on your situation to make sure that you have all of the moving parts in your financial life working together.

 

When Not to Pay Down Debt

June 09, 2016

In her new book, What Your Financial Advisor Isn’t Telling You, our CEO, Liz Davidson, writes about how paying off debt can be your greatest investment. As they say, a penny saved is a penny earned so if you pay down credit card debt at 19% interest, it’s like earning 19% guaranteed tax-free. But as with most financial planning guidelines, there are exceptions. Here are some situations where paying down debt may NOT be your best investment:

You can’t pay your bills. If you’re in severe financial difficulty, make sure you prioritize keeping a roof over your head, your car in the driveway, the lights and water running, and food on the table even over paying the minimum on your debts. Don’t jeopardize you and your family’s basic well-being to pay down debt that you might have to liquidate in bankruptcy anyway. In fact, if you think you might file for bankruptcy, don’t borrow or take withdrawals from a retirement account to make debt payments since those assets are generally protected in a bankruptcy.

You don’t have sufficient emergency savings. To avoid the problem above, you’ll want to have some emergency savings. You should have enough cash to cover at least 3-6 months’ worth of necessary expenses.

You can consider your ability to borrow from a retirement plan or the Bank of Mom and Dad as part of your emergency resources but not lines of credit since they can easily be cancelled, especially if you’re in between jobs or the economy is weak. This money should be someplace safe like a savings account or money market fund. Yes, the interest you’ll earn is probably much less than the interest you’re paying on debt, but how do you value avoiding eviction or foreclosure on your home?

You’re not contributing enough to max your employer’s matching funds. The only thing that beats saving 19% interest is earning 50% or 100% on your money. If you’re not maxing the match, you’re leaving free money on the table and getting behind on your retirement saving.

Your debt is costing you less than 4-6% in interest. If the interest on your debt is below 4-6% (after any tax deductions you get for the interest), you could probably earn more by investing extra savings (particularly in a tax-advantaged account) than you’d save by paying down that debt. That’s why they call low-interest mortgages, car loans, and student loans “good debt.” If the interest rate is between 4-6%, your decision depends on how aggressive an investor you are. Conservative investors would likely be better off (and happier) paying down the debt, while more aggressive investors are likelier to earn more by investing instead.

None of this is to suggest that paying down high-interest debt isn’t generally a good idea. These are just the exceptions. If you’re able to pay your basic bills, have sufficient emergency savings, are maxing the matching in your retirement plan, and have high-interest debt, paying it off IS your best investment.

5 Ways You’re Messing Up Retirement in Your 20’s

February 17, 2016

I know how far off retirement seems when you’re bogged down with student loans and credit card debt while being more concerned about buying a house and having kids (let alone putting THEM through college) in the coming years. Retirement seems more like something your parents and your boss should be worried about. I’m right there with you! But I also know that whether or not you are actually able to retire in that distant-feeling future can be a direct result of your financial behavior in your 20’s. Here are the 5 things that I see 20-somethings do that can really mess up their chances for a comfortable retirement. Continue reading “5 Ways You’re Messing Up Retirement in Your 20’s”

4 Financial Ground Rules For Everyone

September 23, 2015

Figuring out how to prioritize the various things you could do with your money is one of the key quandaries of individual financial planning. Should you use extra money to pay off your car loan, boost college savings for your toddler or finally take that trip to Australia? There are countless options, depending on your individual values and goals. But before working toward any of those goals, there are four aspects of your finances that should be in place, no exceptions: Continue reading “4 Financial Ground Rules For Everyone”

How To Determine Your Financial Priorities With A Late Start To Retirement

July 20, 2015

We hear a lot about the retirement crisis in America and there’s a great deal to be concerned about these days. With a decline in pension availability and concerns about the long-term viability of Social Security, the burden of saving for retirement rests squarely on our shoulders. However, the average American has less than $25,000 in total savings and investments for retirement (see EBRI’s 2015 Retirement Confidence Survey). Continue reading “How To Determine Your Financial Priorities With A Late Start To Retirement”

How a Journal Gave Me a New Perspective on Money

March 25, 2015

A few months ago, I started to keep a journal so that I could capture my thoughts about life and record them for the benefit of my children. I figure I work all day long and don’t really have much time to teach them some of the important lessons that I’ve learned along the way. My hope is that one day they will pick up my journal and hear my voice as I speak to them about what is really important. In the same way, there are some things that are just more important than others when it comes to our finances. Here’s how journaling has helped me deal with this concern: Continue reading “How a Journal Gave Me a New Perspective on Money”

Finding Balance

March 20, 2015

I met with a young woman recently who had a few options in front of her and we talked through the choices in front of her.She had just graduated from business school and accepted an offer with her current employer. She is in a two year long leadership development program, and during that program, the company is paying for her living expenses. They do that so that she could maintain her home back in her hometown since that’s where she will eventually live again. This woman had just gotten married and her husband moved to the new city with her and he will look for a job there since he just finished school as well. Continue reading “Finding Balance”

What (If Anything) Will You Regret the Most in Retirement?

August 04, 2014

Have you ever had a conversation with someone who was simply living in the past? When I say living in the past, I don’t just mean the innocent act of reminiscing about better times or the so-called “good ole days.” I am referring to people that painfully dwell on the past. This can be painful for the person experiencing regret and can also be an emotional drain on those who constantly observe and listen to others experience the cycle of regret. Continue reading “What (If Anything) Will You Regret the Most in Retirement?”

And I Thought I Was Low Maintenance…

June 21, 2013

I try hard to live a very simple lifestyle and to be relatively frugal.  But my cost-conscious lifestyle gets totally blown out of the water by this guy. I’ve joked about my retirement lifestyle being one where I live in a van down by the river…BUT I’M JOKING!!!  Continue reading “And I Thought I Was Low Maintenance…”

What Comes First: Saving, Investing, or Paying off Debt?

June 06, 2013

One of the most common questions we get is whether to prioritize paying down debt, building up savings, or investing for retirement. Ideally, of course, we would do all three but most of us have limited dollars with which to work with. So what should take priority? It’s a topic that has generated some disagreement among some well-known financial gurus. Here are some guidelines to follow: Continue reading “What Comes First: Saving, Investing, or Paying off Debt?”

Setting Financial Priorities for the New Year

December 27, 2012

Now that Christmas is over and we’re approaching the New Year, you may start thinking about New Year’s resolutions and many of those probably involve financial goals. But we all have a limited amount of cash flow to work with. Which of those goals should you prioritize first? Continue reading “Setting Financial Priorities for the New Year”

Are You Trapped By Your Income?

March 02, 2012

I had a conversation with someone who was leaving a very high-paying job in order to do something that paid far less but was far more personally fulfilling. I asked her what her friends and coworkers thought of her decision.  She laughed and said that they all think she’s crazy.  But…they are all incredibly envious too!  Continue reading “Are You Trapped By Your Income?”