Should You Be Making Catch-Up Contributions?

February 01, 2017

Turning age 50 is definitely a milestone – one that some people celebrate and some mourn while others remain ambivalent. No matter how you may feel about it, there’s at least one minor thing to celebrate from a financial planning perspective: 50 is the age when the annual contribution limits to retirement savings accounts is increased for savers via what’s called “catch-up contributions.” Here’s how they work.

Each type of retirement savings account has an annual limit that savers can contribute to each year. Catch-up contributions are intended to allow people who perhaps got a late start to “catch up” by giving them the ability to save above and beyond those annual limits:

catch up contributions 2017

So someone with a workplace retirement plan and a Roth IRA over the age of 50 could conceivably tuck $30,500 away after age 50 versus the lower $23,500 that younger workers are limited to. Even if you’re right on track with your retirement goal, the catch-up contributions can help to lower your taxable income and accelerate that financial independence day.

A strategy for 401(k) and 403(b) savers

For workers who are contributing to 401(k) or 403(b) accounts via payroll deductions at work, the catch-up contribution is typically a separate election that must be made in dollar amounts versus the regular contributions where you must elect a percentage of income. For workers whose pay varies due to hourly wages or commissions, it can be challenging to budget for these contributions or ensure that a certain amount is going in each pay period. The good news is that you don’t have to be maxing out your regular contributions in order to elect catch-up contributions.

So if you’re looking to bump your contributions up by a certain dollar amount and don’t feel like doing the math to figure out what percentage that is, you can just enter it as a catch-up amount. A small consolation for hitting that half-century mark? I think so.

Of course, I would always recommend trying to get the maximum amount into your retirement account each year, but that’s not always realistic for lower income workers or people with competing priorities like family needs or high interest debt. If you’re over 50 and thinking about making catch-up contributions, run a retirement estimate to see how they can help you get to your retirement goal sooner. Then start catching up today!

 

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How to Make 2017 the Year of Financial Security

December 28, 2016

According to Fidelity’s annual study on New Year’s resolutions, the number of Americans considering a financial resolution for 2017 increased significantly over last year. If you are one of those who are hoping that 2017 will be the Year of Financial Security, I suggest a quick review of 2016 as a starting point. Ask yourself four questions to get started:

1. How much did you save? Before you start on a mission to save more money next year, take a look at how you did over the past year. Are you better off this year than last? Could you have saved more money? Were your expectations of how much you could save realistic?

Don’t let a small balance in your savings account discourage you from continuing your efforts. Make saving automatic by scheduling a recurring transfer on payday so you never miss the money. If you don’t yet have 6 months of your expenses tucked away in a savings account, that’s a good goal to start with.

2. How is your 401(k) or IRA doing? If you haven’t checked on your retirement account lately, this is a good time to log in and check your asset allocation. If nothing else, you should make sure you’re re-balancing your investments to account for changes in the stock market.

But you should also make changes to your allocation as you approach retirement. Someone who only has 5 years until retirement will have a lot more of their assets invested in fixed income funds versus someone with 30 years to go. It’s also a good time to run a retirement calculator to see if you’re on track to retire when you want to.

3. Did you reduce debt? Raise your hand if your financial resolution includes reducing or eliminating debt. Extenuating circumstances aside, if your total amount of debt increased or stayed the same in 2016, then it’s time to take a look at how you are going to make that number go down for the coming year. The first step in eliminating credit card debt is to stop using credit cards, so start thinking now about how you will shift your spending to cash only while you tackle your debt. Then make a plan and stick with it.

4. Has your financial outlook changed? Perhaps 2016 was a year of change for you. Perhaps you got married, got a raise, switched careers, etc. As you prepare your plans for 2017, cover these questions to set you up for financial success in the coming year:

  • What are your greatest concerns? What keeps you up at night about your life and money? It might be something totally different from last year. This will affect your financial goals.
  • Is there specific financial guidance you need? Perhaps you received a promotion and have a lot more money to throw around so you finally need investing help or maybe now you’re caring for a relative. Does that affect your taxes? Consider seeking out a professional to help you with any big changes you’ve encountered. Your workplace financial wellness program is a great place to start.
  • Have your goals changed? Did you get married, have a baby, move to a new city, or decide to go back to grad school? All of these will affect your long-term goals. Hopefully, you’ve already examined how these changes affect your finances, but if not, now is the time to take a look and make any changes needed.
  • Do you need to revise your budget? If you did have any major life events in 2016 or if you’re setting a “stretch goal” for yourself for 2017, you probably need to revise your budget. Take a look at those expenditures that have become routine such as stops at Starbucks or taking Uber home from work and decide whether you need to reconsider those activities. For me, I have a renewed focus on my health after a rough 2016. I’m planning to spend more money on fitness activities like specialty classes and less money dining out.

Goal-setting for the New Year can be overwhelming. Make sure you give yourself some time and head space so that you are able to mindfully set goals that are realistic, achievable and motivational! Happy New Year!

 

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Why I’m Making Pre-Tax 401(k) Contributions

December 22, 2016

Last week, I wrote about how I’m investing in our company’s new 401(k) plan. That wasn’t the only decision I had to make though. Another choice was between making traditional pre-tax versus Roth contributions. Here are three reasons why I chose the former:

I expect my tax rate to be lower in retirement. The choice is basically between paying taxes now versus later. I’m currently in the 28% federal income tax bracket and the 6.65% NY state income tax bracket for a total marginal tax rate of 34.65%.

When I retire, my tax brackets are likely to be lower and I may end up living in a state with a lower state tax rate or even no state income tax at all. This is partly because I’ll need less income in retirement (especially since I won’t be saving for retirement anymore) and also because some of my retirement income will be coming from a tax-free Roth IRA. If I do end up being fortunate enough to retire in a higher tax bracket, I won’t mind paying the higher tax rate on my 401(k) as much since those additional dollars will be less valuable to me at that point.

I’d rather invest the tax savings outside my 401(k). With the pre-tax contributions, I get that 34.65% that would normally go to Uncle Sam if I made after-tax Roth contributions. I can then invest those tax savings in practically anything I want. Yes, I’ll have to pay taxes on the investment earnings, but I estimate that my higher expected returns in those outside investments will outweigh the taxes.

I can convert to a Roth later. One thing I love is keeping my options open. When I eventually leave the company, I can convert my 401(k) into a Roth IRA. (I’ll have to pay taxes on anything I convert so hopefully my tax bracket will be lower in at least that year.) However, if I choose the Roth option, there’s no way to go back and recover the benefit of lower taxable income.

Does this mean everyone should make pre-tax contributions? Absolutely not. If you expect your tax rate will be higher in retirement or if you’re maxing out your contributions and want to shield as much of it from taxes as possible, the Roth option would probably make more sense. As always, the best choice depends on your particular situation. Just remember that either choice is better than not contributing at all (or delaying due to analysis paralysis).

 

 

How Much Do You Need to Have Saved for Retirement?

December 16, 2016

In many recent conversations, I’ve been asked “how much do I need to save for retirement?” The answer is always “It depends!” Do you want to plan to live until you’re 100 or are you going to project a short life expectancy because of serious health issues? Will you have no mortgage or debt and spend lots of time at the public library reading books or will you have a big mortgage and fly all over the world staying at luxurious hotels?

Your lifestyle choices matter A LOT. Given all the variables and uncertainty regarding how much someone needs saved/invested in order to retire comfortably, it makes sense to have some rules of thumb around that. So here are some varying thoughts on how much you might need to save for retirement:

Fidelity recommends that someone have 10x their annual salary saved by age 67.  They also suggests a timeline to use in order to get to that magic number:

  • By 30: Have the equivalent of your salary saved
  • By 40: Have three times your salary saved
  • By 50: Have six times your salary saved
  • By 60: Have eight times your salary saved
  • By 67: Have 10 times your salary saved

Aon Hewitt, a benefits consultant, suggests that you have 11x your final salary saved before you retire.

A long established rule of thumb in the financial services community is “The 4% Rule.” What that means is that you can take a 4% withdrawal from your final savings balance annually and increase the amount with inflation each year. If you have $500,000 in your accounts, you’d be able to spend $20,000 in the first year.  So for every $1,000 per month you want to spend in retirement, you’d need $300,000 of investments.

Charles Farrell, financial author, recommends saving 12x your final income.

An article in The Street tells Millennials that they will need $2 million in order to retire.

These are just a few of the countless ways that people can calculate their “magic number.” Personally, I don’t believe in magic numbers. How much you need to save for retirement is very dependent upon the lifestyle you want to live.

Conventional wisdom says that you’ll need to replace 70-80% of your current income in retirement to live a lifestyle similar to today’s. I’ve met people who will be perfectly happy at 40-50% because they will have paid off their mortgage and have been aggressive savers who have lived far below their means for decades and won’t spend much money in retirement. I’ve met others who have plans to see the world post-retirement and they’ve saved their whole lives in order to splurge during retirement, so they’ll need >100% of today’s income.

What can you do with all of this potentially conflicting information? Start to think about your retirement picture. Take a look at your current expenses and see what will still be there during retirement and what won’t be. Consider the cost of healthcare and that you’ll need to account for that since you probably won’t have company benefits kicking in a portion of the cost.

Run some retirement calculators to see if you’re tracking well toward a secure retirement or not. Google “retirement calculator” and you’ll get thousands of options. You can also use our retirement estimator as another tool to help you get a gauge on your progress. The next time someone asks me “How much do I need to save for retirement?” I will email them a link to this blog post…

 

 

Are You On the ‘If I’m Lucky’ Retirement Plan?

March 16, 2016

The other day, a friend asked me if contributing 18% of her salary into her 401(k) was enough to be saving for retirement. Instead of giving a simple yes or no answer as was expected, I had to answer with a question of my own, “Are you on track to retire?” Finding the answer to that question can seem complicated, but it doesn’t have to be. And unless you actually know whether or not you’re on track, it’s tough to make other financial decisions that may compete for your dollars. Continue reading “Are You On the ‘If I’m Lucky’ Retirement Plan?”

Two Calculations That May Surprise You

March 11, 2016

As the political season continues to drag on and presidential candidates drop out, we are inevitably going to be faced with a decision that makes many of us say “THIS is the best we can do from a pool of 300 million people?” Yet, the day will be upon us shortly and we will make a choice.  One of the things that I found interesting and a little bit fun was this political quiz that calculates how much you agree with the different presidential candidates on certain policy questions. The answers surprised me a little bit (and I’m not going to share how the quiz came out for me) and I’ve shared it with some friends to see where they landed. Continue reading “Two Calculations That May Surprise You”

Roth IRA or Roth 401(k)?

February 18, 2016

We’ve recently received several calls on our Financial Helpline from people who entered their Roth 401(k) contributions as Roth IRA contributions in tax software and were told that they had over-contributed. Since Roth 401(k) plans are relatively new, it’s easy to get these mixed up but the differences are important and not just when filing your taxes. Let’s start with the similarities. Both accounts allow you to contribute after-tax dollars that can grow to be tax-free after age 59 ½ as long as you’ve had the account for at least 5 years. Now let’s look at the differences: Continue reading “Roth IRA or Roth 401(k)?”

5 Ways You’re Messing Up Retirement in Your 20’s

February 17, 2016

I know how far off retirement seems when you’re bogged down with student loans and credit card debt while being more concerned about buying a house and having kids (let alone putting THEM through college) in the coming years. Retirement seems more like something your parents and your boss should be worried about. I’m right there with you! But I also know that whether or not you are actually able to retire in that distant-feeling future can be a direct result of your financial behavior in your 20’s. Here are the 5 things that I see 20-somethings do that can really mess up their chances for a comfortable retirement. Continue reading “5 Ways You’re Messing Up Retirement in Your 20’s”

How To Become A Millionaire In Just 15 Minutes

January 19, 2016

You can’t help but talk about the lottery with a jackpot sitting at about $1.5 billion dollars. One of my colleagues, Teig Stanley, was talking to me about a recent conversation he had with our colleague, Doug. Here is what he said: Continue reading “How To Become A Millionaire In Just 15 Minutes”

Financial Rules Of Thumb: Retirement Savings

November 11, 2015

Continuing my financial rules of thumb series, this week let’s talk about a question that pretty much every person has asked me on our Financial Helpline: How much should I be saving for retirement and how much do I need total? While the answer varies depending on each person’s circumstances, goals and ultimately their values, there are some rules of thumb for those who either don’t feel like running a retirement estimator calculation or who just aren’t quite sure yet what their goals are. Continue reading “Financial Rules Of Thumb: Retirement Savings”

How To Save For Retirement Without Your Employer’s Help

November 05, 2015

At Financial Finesse, we help people make the most of their employer’s benefits to improve their retirement preparedness. But we recently received a comment on one of our Facebook posts from someone whose company doesn’t offer retirement benefits. If you’re in a similar situation, what can you do? Here are some options: Continue reading “How To Save For Retirement Without Your Employer’s Help”

Downsizing Your Retirement Expenses

October 12, 2015

As people get closer to retirement, priorities change. The financial resources spent on home improvements and the time and energy necessary to maintain a full-sized home often become a little more of a burden. As kids leave the house and launch into their careers and start building their own families, there’s often a bunch of unneeded space. Continue reading “Downsizing Your Retirement Expenses”

Good Things Come To Those Who Wait

October 01, 2015

I was recently talking to my parents about Social Security and was surprised to discover that they had no idea they could delay their benefits past their retirement.This is important because it’s usually the best strategy yet most people collect at the earliest age of 62. Here are some reasons why delaying might make sense: Continue reading “Good Things Come To Those Who Wait”

Passive Income Strategies For Retirement (And Now)

September 28, 2015

Last week, I had lunch with my good friend Brian who just happens to be a local realtor. Normally when we hang out, it is on the soccer field so as a result, we don’t get to discuss business too often. However, our recent discussion was a little different because we actually had time to talk about some passive income strategies. Continue reading “Passive Income Strategies For Retirement (And Now)”

5 Retirement Questions You Need To Ask

September 21, 2015

When do you plan on retiring? When I ask this question during financial wellness workshops and webinars, I find that most people have at least a ballpark idea of when they would like to have the freedom to quit work. In fact, some people completely light up with a lightning fast response of “yesterday, today, or tomorrow” when I ask about that desired retirement date. For most of us, retirement is a top financial priority and there can be a difference between “desired” retirement dates and the actual realistic target date for retirement. Regardless of what your vision of the ideal retirement may look like, here are five basic questions that should be at the heart of all retirement planning activities: Continue reading “5 Retirement Questions You Need To Ask”

Four Retirement Myths I’m Hearing

September 18, 2015

Answering calls to our Financial Helpline, I’ve heard some myths or assumptions about retirement and I always enjoy hearing the buzz out there from people contemplating retirement. My thought is – if I’m hearing this from a few people, there are potentially thousands or millions who have the same thought. So, for those who believe some of these things, I’ll share some of the myths/assumptions I’ve heard recently and then give you my $.02.  Continue reading “Four Retirement Myths I’m Hearing”

3 Under-Rated Retirement Accounts

September 03, 2015

One of the most common questions we get is how to prioritize funding different types of retirement accounts.In an ideal world, we would max them all out but most of us need to figure out which ones should take priority. I recently read this article that attempts to answer that question. While I generally agree with the points, there are three things that this article and many similar articles I’ve read tend to underestimate: Continue reading “3 Under-Rated Retirement Accounts”